Hydrogeomorphological differentiation between floodplains and terraces          下载免费PDF全文

Qina Yan  Toshiki Iwasaki  Andrew Stumpf  Patrick Belmont  Gary Parker  Praveen Kumar 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2018,43(1):218-228

Floodplains and terraces in river valleys play important roles in the transport dynamics of water and sediment. While flat areas in river valleys can be identified from LiDAR data, directly characterizing them as either floodplain or terraces is not yet possible. To address this challenge, we hypothesize that, since geomorphic features are strongly coupled to hydrological and hydraulic dynamics and their associated variability, there exists a return frequency, or possibly a narrow band of return frequencies, of flow that is associated with floodplain formation; and this association can provide a distinctive signature for distinguishing them from terraces. Based on this hypothesis we develop a novel approach for distinguishing between floodplains and terraces that involves transforming the transverse cross‐sectional geometry of a river valley into a curve, named a river valley hypsometric (RVH) curve, and linking hydraulic inundation frequency with the features of this curve. Our approach establishes that the demarcation between floodplains and terraces can be established from the structure of steps and risers in the RVH curves which can be obtained from the DEM data. Further, it shows that these transitions may themselves be shaped by floods with 10‐ to 100‐year recurrence. We additionally show that, when floodplain width and height (above channel bottom) are normalized by bankfull width and depth, the ratio lies in a narrow range independent of the scale of the river valley. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

ANALYSIS OF THE LATE QUATERNARY ACTIVITY ALONG THE WENCHUAN-MAOXIAN FAULT -MIDDLE OF THE BACK-RANGE FAULT AT THE LONGMENSHAN FAULT ZONE          下载免费PDF全文

WANG Xu-guang  LI Chuan-you  L&#  Li-xing  DONG Jin-yuan 《地震地质》2017,39(3):572-586

The Longmenshan fault zone is located in eastern margin of Tibetan plateau and bounded on the east by Sichuan Basin, and tectonically the location is very important. It has a deep impact on the topography, geomorphology, geological structure and seismicity of southwestern China. It is primarily composed of multiple parallel thrust faults, namely, from northwest to southeast, the back-range, the central, the front-range and the piedmont hidden faults, respectively. The M_S8.0 Wenchuan earthquake of 12^th May 2008 ruptured the central and the front-range faults. But the earthquake didn't rupture the back-range fault. This shows that these two faults are both active in Holocene. But until now, we don't know exactly the activity of the back-range fault. The back-range fault consists of the Pingwu-Qingchuan Fault, the Wenchuan-Maoxian Fault and the Gengda-Longdong Fault. Through satellite image(Google Earth)interpretation, combining with field investigation, we preliminarily found out that five steps of alluvial platforms or terraces have been developed in Minjiang region along the Wenchuan-Maoxian Fault. T₁ and T₂ terraces are more continuous than T₃, T₄ and T₅ terraces. Combining with the previous work, we discuss the formation ages of the terraces and conclude, analyze and summarize the existing researches about the terraces of Minjiang River. We constrain the ages of T₁, T₂, T₃, T₄ and T₅ surfaces to 3~10ka BP,~20ka BP, 40~50ka BP, 60ka BP and 80ka BP, respectively. Combining with geomorphologic structural interpretation, measurements of the cross sections of the terraces by differential GPS and detailed site visits including terraces, gullies and other geologic landforms along the fault, we have reason to consider that the Wenchuan-Maoxian Fault was active between the formation age of T₃ and T₂ terrace, but inactive since T₂ terrace formed. Its latest active period should be the middle and late time of late Pleistocene, and there is no activity since the Holocene. Combining with the knowledge that the central and the front-range faults are both Quaternary active faults, the activity of Longmenshan fault zone should have shifted to the central and the front-range faults which are closer to the basin, this indicates that the Longmenshan thrust belt fits the "Piggyback Type" to some extent.  相似文献   

Terrace pediments in Makhtesh Ramon,central Negev,Israel     

Josef Plakht  Natalia Patyk‐Kara  Nina Gorelikova 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2000,25(1):29-39

Terrace pediments occupy approximately 30 per cent of the bottom of the Makhtesh Ramon erosional cirque in the central Negev Desert, Israel. River terraces and terrace pediments are genetically connected landforms, where each terrace pediment corresponds with a fluvial terrace of the same relative height. A pediment and river terrace constitute a geomorphic pair and should be regarded as chronometrically synchronous morphological elements. The formation of the terrace pediment staircases is controlled mainly by local base level changes. The present‐day configuration and overall morphology of Makhtesh Ramon formed in the early stages of its development by both stream erosion and subsequent pedimentation. Less significantly, modification by intermittent erosion alternating with periods of stability, resulted in deepening of the Makhtesh Ramon bottom. The present‐day stepped relief throughout the Makhtesh valley is, thus, a composite feature. The overall rate of terrace pediment formation in Makhtesh Ramon ranges from 0·05 to 0·10 mm a⁻¹. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

祁连山东段金塔河流域层状地貌时代与成因探讨   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

高红山  潘保田  李吉均  邬光剑  李炳元  业渝光 《山地学报》2005,23(2):129-135

祁连山东段金塔河流域分布着两级夷平面(山顶面与主夷平面)、一级剥蚀面和多级河流阶地,它们是晚新生代青藏高原阶段性隆升的产物。通过电子自旋共振(Electron spin resonance,简写为ESR)、热释光(Luminescgnce,简写为TL)、红外释光(Infra-red stimulated luminesomce,简写为IRSL)和^14C等绝对测年手段并结合区域对比的研究表明,该区山顶面形成于老第三纪,主夷平面形成于中新世至上新世,剥蚀面解体于1．4MaB．P．左右。其后金塔河流域发育5～6级阶地,形成时代大致为1．24MaB.P.、0．78Ma.B.P.、0．14MaB.P.、0．06MaB.P.、0．03MaB．P．和0．01MaB．P．。结合河流阶地的形成年代、发育特征以及邻区阶地的发育模式研究表明,它们应是构造隆升以及气候变化双重作用下的产物。  相似文献   

雅鲁藏布江中游及昌果沟遗址古环境分析     

李拓宇  任小林  廖奕楠  莫多闻  鄂崇毅  鲁鹏  许俊杰  伍永秋  杜世松 《第四纪研究》2020,(2):547-555

西藏拉萨昌果沟遗址位于雅鲁藏布江中游支流的阶地上,是重要的新石器时代遗址.为探讨昌果沟遗址附近的古环境,对遗址附近开展地貌调查,在遗址北面约1 km处选取1个全新世风成沉积剖面进行光释光测年和环境指标分析,在雅鲁藏布江中游选2个阶地剖面进行光释光测年分析;此外,还总结了雅鲁藏布江中游23个全新世古土壤/泥炭的测年数据,进行概率密度分析,试图揭示区域的环境演化特征.研究表明:全新世古土壤/泥炭年代的概率密度可以较好地反映区域气候变化,9.0~6.0 ka古土壤/泥炭发育在波动中增强,气候由冷干向暖湿转换;6.0~2.9 ka古土壤/泥炭发育最强,气候相对温干;2.9 ka后鲜有古土壤/泥炭发育,气候变得冷干,史前人类活动受限.4.5 ka之后雅鲁藏布江中游及其支流一级阶地的形成为新石器时期先民提供农业耕作的场所,古土壤的发育为农作物提供了丰富的营养.1.4~1.1 ka期间(吐蕃王朝时期)局部地区有古土壤发育,气候好转.  相似文献   

燕山山地伊逊河下游河流阶地沉积物特征及古环境意义     

田钰琛  殷志强  张绪教  邵海  谷明旭  任伟  彭超 《地质论评》2022,68(1):111-121

河流沉积物蕴藏着其形成之时水动力条件及古气候变化等重要信息,因此研究河流相沉积物不仅可指示其沉积之时的水动力条件,还可对其反演的古气候进行一定的探索.伊逊河地处燕山东段,开展其下游河流相沉积物粒度、磁化率及形成年代的探讨,可为燕山山地河流相沉积物蕴藏的古环境意义研究提供参考.笔者等通过野外实地调查、光释光测年、粒度分析...  相似文献